Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji (富士山の噴火史, Fuji-san no funka-shi?)
Mt. Fuji
Mount Fuji is the tallest volcano in Japan, and also the volcano with the greatest volume. It is believed to have grown greatly in volume in the last 100,000 years, so it can be classified as a "young volcano".
The mountain as it appears now is the "New Fuji volcano", which began to erupt about 10,000 years ago. Under the "New Fuji volcano" lie the "Komitake volcano", which became active 700,000 years ago, and the "Old Fuji volcano", which was active between 100,000 years ago and 1000 years ago.
2 Volcano formed, Mount Komitake (小御岳火山?), and Mount Ashitaka (愛鷹山), make up the core of old Fuji. The peak of the ancient volcano, Komitake, can be seen from the north face of Mount Fuji at the fifth station, about 2300 meters above sea-level.
Old Fuji
Around 100,000 years after becoming inactive, Komitake entered another period of activity. The volcano in this period is known as Old Fuji (古富士, kofuji?). Old Fuji was characterised by explosive eruptions, throwing out large quantities of scoria, volcanic ash and lava, forming a large mountain which reached a height of 3,100m.
[edit] New Fuji
Following the Old Fuji period, there were about 4000 years of inactivity, ending at around 5000 years ago, when Mount Fuji became active again; this period is known as New Fuji (新富士, shinfuji?), and continues to the present day. Eruptions of New Fuji exhibit phenomena such as lava flows, magma, scoria, volcanic ash, collapses and side eruptions, leading it to be called "a department store of eruptions". Ash from New Fuji is often black, and eruptions are new in terms of geological layers. Valuable data on the activity of Mount Fuji is recorded in Japanese historical documents dating from the 8th century onwards. It exhibits a range of representative eruptions.
[edit] Explosive eruptions before the activity 3000 years ago
There were 4 explosive eruptions in the Jōmon era, which are known by the names Sengoku scoria (Sg), Ōsawa scoria (Os), Ōmuro scoria (Om) and Sunazawa scoria (Zn).
Records of eruption
16 eruptions of New Fuji have been recorded since 781. Many of the eruptions occurred in the Heian era, with 12 eruptions between 800 and 1083. Sometimes inactive periods between eruptions lasted for hundreds of years, as in the period between 1083 and 1511, when no eruptions were recorded for over 400 years. At present, there have been no eruptions since the Hoei eruption in 1707-1708, around 300 years ago.
Mount Fuji is located at the point where the Amurian Plate, the Okhotsk Plate, and the Philippine Sea Plate meet. Those plates form the western part of Japan, the eastern part of Japan, and the Izu Peninsula respectively.
Scientists have identified four distinct phases of volcanic activity in the formation of Mt. Fuji. The first phase, called Sen-komitake, is composed of an andesite core recently discovered deep within the mountain. Sen-komitake was followed by the "Komitake Fuji," a basalt layer believed to be formed several hundred thousand years ago. Approximately 100,000 years ago, "Old Fuji" was formed over the top of Komitake Fuji. The modern, "New Fuji" is believed to have formed over the top of Old Fuji around 10,000 years ago.[34]
The volcano is currently classified as active with a low risk of eruption. The last recorded eruption was the Hōei eruption which started on December 16, 1707 (Hōei 4, 23rd day of the 11th month) and ended about January 1, 1708 (Hōei 4, 9th day of the 12th month) during the Edo period.[35] The eruption formed a new crater and a second peak (named Hōei-zan after the Hoei era) halfway down its side. Fuji spewed cinders and ash which fell like rain in Izu, Kai, Sagami, and Musashi.[36] Since then, there have been no signs of an eruption.
The chances are low in our lifetimes, but in the lifetime of a volcano, it has high chances. Those plates are very active plates causing many volcano eruptions current and in history.
Earthquakes are common, many centered inside Fuji, 6.6 magnitude earthquake Aug 11, 2009, Beneath Mount Fuji, the highest active volcano in Japan, deep low-frequency (DLF) earthquake activity has been monitored since the early 1980s. The DLF earthquakes occurred in the mid-crustal depth range, and burst-type activity lasting from several minutes to 30 min was detected 10 to 20 times in an ordinary year.
National Geographic News reports in 2006, that Shigeo Aramaki, one of Japan's leading volcano experts, believes Mt Fuji eruption is overdue
Source(s):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_eruptions_of_Mount_Fujihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Fujihttp://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005BVol...68...47Uhttp://www.examiner.com/x-16352-Japan-Headlines-Examiner~y2009m8d10-66-magnitude-earthquake-strikes-Japan-near-Mt-Fuji-August-11thhttp://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/07/060717-mount-fuji.html